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Module 1 - Sexual Victimisation
Please, keep in mind that the current course is introductory. It has been designed for kindergarten and elementary school teachers in Europe working with children from 3 to 12 years old with no previous training in violence against children. If you wish to find out about more specialized or advanced courses for other type of professionals, contexts or students, please visit the extra resources proposed at the end of the course.
- Introduction To Child Sexual Victimisation
- Real story
- Definition Of Child Sexual Victimisation
- Prevalence
- Indicators
- What can you do to tackle child sexual victimisation?
- What can you do about a suspected case of child sexual abuse?
- What is the procedure in your country?
- Prevention
- Quiz
- Summary
- References
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Module 2 - Physical And Emotional Maltreatment
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Module 3 - Bullying Victimisation
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Module 4 - Resilience
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Certificate
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Additional Resources
References
If you want to learn more…
About definitions:
Arieff, A. J., & Rotman, D. B. (1942). One hundred cases of indecent exposure. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 96(5), 523-528.
Barnett, O., Miller-Perrin, C. L., & Perrin, R. D. (2005). Children sexual abuse. In: Barnett, O., Miller-Perrin, C. L., & Perrin, R. D. (Ed.), Family violence across the lifespan: An introduction (pp. 94-149). Los Angeles, United States of America: Sage Publications, Inc.
Baumgartner, S. E., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2010). Unwanted online sexual solicitation and risky sexual online behavior across the lifespan. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 439-447.
Craven, S., Brown, S., & Gilchrist, E. (2006). Sexual grooming of children: Review of literature and theoretical considerations. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 12(3), 287-299.
Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K. J., & Wolak, J. (2000). Online victimization: A report on the nation’s youth (6-00-020). Alexandria, VA: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
Gámez, M., de Santisteban, P., & Resett, S. A. (2017). Sexting among Spanish adolescents: Prevalence and personality profiles. Psicothema, 29 (1), 29-34.
Gillespie, A. A. (2013). Adolescents, sexting and human rights. Human Rights Law Review, 13(4), 623-643.
Haugaard, J. J. (2000). The challenge of defining child sexual abuse. American Psychologist, 55(9), 1036.
Mishna, F., McLuckie, A., & Saini, M. (2009). Real-world dangers in an online reality: A qualitative study examining online relationships and cyber abuse. Social Work Research, 33(2), 107-118.
Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., Jones, L. M., & Wolak, J. (2012). Prevalence and characteristics of youth sexting: A national study. Pediatrics, 129(1), 13-20.
Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., & Wolak, J. (2001). Risk factors for and impact of online sexual solicitation of youth. Jama, 285(23), 3011-3014.
Montiel, I. & Pereda, N. (2017). Victimización sexual de menores: Aproximación teórica y estado actual de la investigación. In: J. M. Tamarit (Ed.), La victimización sexual de menores de edad y las respuesta del sistema de justicia penal (pp.1-30). Madrid, España: EDISOFER.
Montiel, I., Carbonell, E., & Pereda, N. (2016). Multiple online victimization of Spanish adolescents: Results from a community sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 52, 123-134.
Ringrose, J., Gill, R., Livingstone, S., & Harvey, L. (2012). A qualitative study of children, young people and ‘sexting’: A report prepared for the NSPCC. National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. London, UK.
Wachs, S., Wolf, K. D., & Pan, C. C. (2012). Cybergrooming: Risk factors, coping strategies and associations with cyberbullying. Psicothema, 24(4), 628-633.
Ybarra, M. L., Espelage, D. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2007). The co-occurrence of Internet harassment and unwanted sexual solicitation victimization and perpetration: Associations with psychosocial indicators. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), S31-S41.
About prevalence:
References of European studies conducted with children and adolescents:
Aebi, M., Landolt, M., Mueller-Pfeiffer, C., Schyder, U., Maier, T., & Mohler-Kuo, M. (2015). Testing the ‘‘sexually abused-abuser hypothesis’’ in adolescents: A population-based study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 2189-2199.
Indias, S., & De Paúl, J. (2017). Lifetime victimization among Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 29(3), 378-383.
Játiva, R., & Cerezo, M. A. (2014). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between victimization and psychological maladjustment in asample of adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1180-1190.
Pereda, N., Abad, J., & Guilera, G. (2016). Lifetime prevalence and characteristics of child sexual victimization in a community sample of Spanish adolescents. Journal of Sexual Abuse, 25(2), 142-158.
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., & Abad, J. (2014). Victimization and polyvictimization of Spanish children and youth: Results from a community sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 640-649.
Radford, L., Corral, S., Bradley, B., & Fisher, H. (2013). The prevalence and impact of child maltreatment and other types of victimization in the UK: Findings from a population survey of caregivers, children and young people and young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 801-813.
References of European studies conducted with adults:
Bogolyubova, O., Skochilov, R., & Symkalo, L. (2015). Childhood victimization experiences of young adults in St. Petersburg, Russia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(7), 1153-1167.
Cater, A., Adershed, A. K., & Andershed, H. (2014). Youth victimization in Sweden: Prevalence, characteristicsand relation to mental health and behavioral problems in young adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1290-1302.
Mossige, S., & Huang, L. (2017). Poly-victimization in a Norwegian adolescent population: Prevalence, social and psychological profile, and detrimental effects. PLoS ONE, 12(12), e0189637.
References of systematic reviews:
Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S., & Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58(3), 469-483.
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 328-338.
Stoltenborgh, M., van IJzendoorn, M., Euser, E., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16(2) 79-101.
About indicators:
Barnett, O., Miller-Perrin, C. L., & Perrin, R. D. (2005). Children sexual abuse. In: Barnett, O., Miller-Perrin, C. L., & Perrin, R. D. (Ed.), Family violence across the lifespan: An introduction (pp. 94-149). Los Angeles, United States of America: Sage Publications, Inc.
Beitchman, J .H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., DaCosta, G. A., & Akman, D. (1991). A review of the short-term effects of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Neglect, 15, 537-556.
Cantón-Cortés, D., & Cortés, M. R. (2015). Consecuencias del abuso sexual infantile. Una revisión de las variables intervinientes. Anales de Psicología, 31(2), 552-561.
Finkelhor, D. (1995). The victimization of children: A developmental perspective. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65 (2), 177-193.
Hébert, M., Tremblay, C., Parent, N., Daignault, I. V. & Piché, C. (2006). Correlates of behavioral outcomes in sexually abused children. Journal of Family Violence, 21, 287-299.
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Meyer Williams, L., & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113(1), 164-180.
Maikovich-Fong, A. K., & Jaffee, S. R. (2010). Sex differences in childhood sexual abuse characteristics and victims’ emotional and behavioral problems: Findings from a national sample of youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(6), 429-437.
Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Family Violence, 25(1), 53-63.
Pereda, N. (2009). Consecuencias psicológicas iniciales del abuso sexual infantil. Papeles del Psicólogo, 30(2), 135-144.
Pereda, N. (2010). Consecuencias psicológicas a largo plazo del abuso sexual infantil. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(2), 191-201.